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Cardiac Complications and COVID-19: A Review of Life-threatening Co-morbidities
Zeinab Eftekhar1, Habib Haybar2, Alireza Mohebbi3
1Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Current Cardiology Reviews
|February 28, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 significantly increases risks for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia. Prompt medical attention and intensive care are crucial for these high-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been linked to adverse outcomes in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac function is critical for managing patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with CVDs.
- To elucidate the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed up to 2023.
- Keywords included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Arrhythmia, and Cardiac complication.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 exacerbates heart failure through mechanisms like increased hemodynamic load, ischemia, and inflammation.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger myocardial infarction via inflammatory cytokine release and cardiac arrhythmia through hypoxia and hemodynamic changes.
- Cardiac complications in COVID-19 are associated with poorer prognosis, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality.
Conclusions:
- Patients with COVID-19 and co-existing CVDs face a substantially higher mortality risk.
- These patients require prioritized treatment and intensive care during hospitalization due to their elevated risk profile.
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