Expression and Prognostic Relevance of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoints in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a strong prognostic biomarker, correlating with improved progression-free survival. This finding may explain variable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced ACC.
Area Of Science
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background
- Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with a poor prognosis in advanced stages.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have shown heterogeneous results in ACC.
Purpose Of The Study
- To systematically study the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 in ACC.
- To correlate their expression with tumoral T lymphocyte infiltration and clinical outcomes.
Main Methods
- Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 expression in 162 ACC tumor samples.
- Expression levels were correlated with T lymphocyte infiltration (CD3+, CD4+, FoxP3+, CD8+) and clinical endpoints.
- Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed.
Main Results
- PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in 26.5% and 24.7% of samples, respectively.
- CTLA-4 expression was observed in 52.5% of ACC samples.
- Positive PD-1 expression was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (P = .04) and correlated with increased T cell infiltration. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 did not correlate with clinical outcome.
Conclusions
- Heterogeneous expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 may explain variable immunotherapy responses in advanced ACC.
- PD-1 expression serves as a robust prognostic biomarker for ACC, applicable in routine clinical practice.
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