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Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Jigar Patel1, Jonathan L Cook2
1Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Karapandzic-type flaps offer a reliable solution for lower lip defect reconstruction, achieving excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes with a low complication rate. This method ensures preservation of oral competency and avoids microstomia.
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