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Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Incidental Axillary Adenopathy in Women Undergoing Breast MRI.

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COVID-19 vaccination commonly causes temporary axillary adenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) detected on breast MRI. This finding, while frequent, has so far shown benign outcomes and may impact screening audits.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated widespread vaccination campaigns.
  • Axillary adenopathy is a known, typically benign, side effect of various vaccinations.
  • Its impact on breast MRI findings requires assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence and management of COVID-19 vaccine-related axillary adenopathy on breast MRI.
  • To analyze the early outcomes of these vaccine-induced changes.
  • To compare findings with a pre-pandemic cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of breast MRI scans from post-vaccine approval (N=1912) and pre-pandemic (N=5342) periods.
  • Data collected included vaccination status, time to MRI, and lymph node management.
  • Statistical comparison of assessment categories (e.g., BI-RADS) between groups.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 vaccine-related adenopathy was significantly more frequent in the post-vaccine group (67 reports vs. 1 pre-pandemic).
  • Increased rates of BI-RADS 0 and BI-RADS 3 assessments were observed post-vaccination.
  • Additional imaging or biopsy in affected patients revealed no malignant adenopathy.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccination is associated with transient axillary adenopathy.
  • This adenopathy necessitates further imaging in some women but has benign outcomes.
  • Findings may influence the interpretation of breast MRI screening audits.