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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
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Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
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  9. Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology Not Elsewhere Classified
  11. Performance Of The European Society Of Cardiology 0/1-hour Algorithm With High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T At 90 Days Among Patients With Known Coronary Artery Disease

Performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T at 90 days among patients with known coronary artery disease

Nicklaus P Ashburn1, Anna C Snavely2, Brandon R Allen3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|February 28, 2024

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Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
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A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ESC 0/1-h high-sensitivity troponin T algorithm may not be safe for patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). Those with prior MI or revascularization had higher 90-day cardiac events when ruled out.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Biomarker Research
Keywords:
Chest painCoronary artery diseaseEuropean Society of Cardiology (ESC)High sensitivity troponin

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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

407

Background:

  • The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-h high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) algorithm's risk stratification for patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well-defined.
  • Previous evaluations focused on 30-day outcomes, leaving longer-term prediction uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine and compare the 90-day performance of the ESC 0/1-h hs-cTnT algorithm in patients with and without known CAD.
  • To assess the algorithm's safety and accuracy in identifying cardiac events in these distinct patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • A subgroup analysis of the prospective STOP-CP cohort was conducted.
  • Patients were stratified using the ESC 0/1-h hs-cTnT algorithm into rule-out, observe, and rule-in groups.
  • The primary outcome was 90-day cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI), with comparisons made between patients with and without known CAD.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac death or MI at 90 days was significantly more common in patients with known CAD (21.2%) compared to those without (10.0%).
  • Fewer patients with known CAD were ruled out by the algorithm (39.6%) versus those without (66.1%).
  • Among ruled-out patients, the rate of 90-day cardiac death or MI was higher in those with known CAD (3.4%) than without (1.2%), though not statistically significant (p=0.09).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with known CAD who are ruled out by the ESC 0/1-h hs-cTnT algorithm exhibit a high rate of missed 90-day cardiac events.
  • The current ESC 0/1-h hs-cTnT algorithm may not be sufficiently safe for risk stratification in patients with known CAD.
  • Further refinement of risk stratification protocols is needed for patients with established coronary artery disease.
Risk stratification