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Numerical versus graphical aids for decision-making in a multi-cue signal identification task.

Jessica Szulc¹, Kingsley Fletcher¹

¹Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia.

Applied Ergonomics

|February 28, 2024

Summary

Decision aids, whether numerical or graphical, enhance tactical decision-making by improving accuracy and trust while reducing workload. Graphical aids may offer faster response times in critical situations.

Keywords:

Decision aid presentation Decision-making Signal-identification

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology
Decision Science

Background:

Decision aids are crucial in tactical environments for integrating complex information.
Effectiveness of decision aid presentation formats requires further clarification.
User trust and reliance on decision aids are critical for optimal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the effectiveness of numerical versus graphical decision aids in a tactical task.
To investigate the impact of aid presentation on user trust and workload.
To explore how decision aid format influences human performance metrics.

Main Methods:

A signal-identification task involving dynamic gauge readings was employed.
Participants (N=30) were evaluated under unaided, numerical aid, and graphical aid conditions.
Key metrics included sensitivity, response bias, response time, trust, and workload.

Main Results:

Both numerical and graphical aids significantly increased sensitivity and trust compared to unaided performance.
Decision aid use led to significant reductions in perceived workload.
Graphical aids showed a trend towards faster response times without compromising accuracy.

Conclusions:

Numerical and graphical decision aids effectively support tactical decision-making.
Graphical aids may enhance response speed, particularly for non-hostile signals, due to increased salience.
Optimizing decision aid design is key to improving performance in high-stakes environments.