Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

209
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

233
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
233
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

222
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
222

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Causal Links Between the Plasma Lipidome and Cognitive Performance: Targets, Pathways, and Lifestyle Influences.

Molecular neurobiology·2026
Same author

Role of Dorsomedial Periaqueductal Gray Glutamatergic Neurons in Promoting Arousal under Multiple General Anesthetics in Mice.

Anesthesiology·2025
Same author

The effect of early postoperative acute pain on postoperative delirium in older persons undergoing abdominal surgery: a secondary analysis of multicenter prospective data.

European geriatric medicine·2025
Same author

Effect of esketamine on postoperative depression and anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.

Pharmacological research·2025
Same author

Effect of Intraoperative Midazolam on Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Anesthesiology·2024
Same author

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict postoperative delirium in older patients after major abdominal surgery: a retrospective case-control study.

Perioperative medicine (London, England)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.6K

Gut microbiota and cognitive performance: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Qian Wang1, Yu-Xiang Song2, Xiao-Dong Wu2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain gut bacteria negatively impact cognitive performance, while others offer protection. This study used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal link between gut microbiota and cognition, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Causal correlationCognitive performanceGut microbiotaLarge scale analysisMendelian randomization

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health
11:40

High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.8K
Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.6K
High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health
11:40

High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.8K
Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The gut microbiota's role in neurological and psychiatric disorders is increasingly recognized.
  • However, the direct causal relationship between gut bacteria and cognitive function remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of gut microbiota on cognitive performance using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa associated with detrimental or protective effects on cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for gut microbiota (n=18,340) and cognitive performance (n=257,841).
  • Employed multiple MR methods including Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median.
  • Assessed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy to ensure result validity.

Main Results:

  • Several genera, including Roseburia, Blautia, Catenibacterium, and Oxalobacter, showed a negative association with cognitive performance.
  • Conversely, families like Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae, and genera such as Bacteroides and Ruminococcus torques group, were associated with improved cognitive function.
  • Findings were robust after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions:

  • Specific gut microbiota compositions causally influence cognitive performance.
  • Targeting beneficial or detrimental gut bacteria presents a potential strategy for enhancing cognitive function in relevant populations.
  • These findings could lead to novel interventions for improving cognitive health and quality of life.