Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
Published on: July 16, 2014
"Advanced" Parkinson's disease: A review
Sana Aslam1, Fredric Manfredsson1, Ashley Stokes1
1Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Abstract:
There is no consensus driven definition of "advanced" Parkinson's disease (APD) currently. APD has been described in terms of emergence of specific clinical features and clinical milestones of the disease e.g., motor fluctuations, time to increasing falls, emergence of cognitive decline, etc. The pathological burden of disease has been used to characterize various stages of the disease. Imaging markers have been associated with various motor and nonmotor symptoms of advancing disease. In this review, we present an overview of clinical, pathologic, and imaging markers of APD. We also propose a model of disease definition involving longitudinal assessments of these markers as well as quality of life metrics to better understand and predict disease progression in those with Parkinson's disease.
Related Concept Videos
Parkinson's Disease: Overview
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Neural Regulation
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

