Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

PD Controller: Design

PD Controller: Design

In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...

PI Controller: Design

PI Controller: Design

Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...

PID Controller

PID Controller

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in various control systems to enhance stability and performance. In a thermostat, it adjusts heating or cooling based on the temperature difference between the actual and desired levels. They are often used in automotive speed systems, effectively managing sudden speed changes while maintaining a constant speed under varying conditions. On the other hand, PI controllers, commonly employed in voltage regulation, enhance stability...

Open and closed-loop control systems

Open and closed-loop control systems

Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...

Controller Configurations

Controller Configurations

Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller...

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The quantitative contribution of different Photosystem II compartments to non-photochemical quenching in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Non-photochemical quenching speeds up with increasing temperatures.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics·2026

Same author

Functional divergence of LhcSR and PsbS in zeaxanthin-mediated non-photochemical quenching.

The New phytologist·2026

Same author

State transitions in Physcomitrium patens studied with time-resolved fluorescence.

Photosynthesis research·2026

Same author

Quantitative decomposition of non-photochemical quenching in Physcomitrium patens highlights synergistic roles of LhcSR and zeaxanthin.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics·2026

Same author

Uncovering adaptation with a new Arabidopsis thaliana multiparent intercross population.

Genetics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Published on: October 28, 2021

An open-source controller to build a dynamic light intensity setup.

Ludovico Caracciolo¹, John Philippi², Tom P J M Theeuwen³

¹Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands. ludovico.caracciolo@wur.nl.

|February 28, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed cost-effective electronic circuits to control light intensity, enabling dynamic light patterns for studying plant development and physiology. This method aids in understanding plant responses to changing light conditions.

Keywords:

Fluctuating light Light controller Open-source Photosynthesis

More Related Videos

Light Spot-Based Assay for Analysis of Drosophila Larval Phototaxis

Light Spot-Based Assay for Analysis of Drosophila Larval Phototaxis

Published on: September 27, 2019

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments

Published on: January 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Published on: October 28, 2021

Light Spot-Based Assay for Analysis of Drosophila Larval Phototaxis

Light Spot-Based Assay for Analysis of Drosophila Larval Phototaxis

Published on: September 27, 2019

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments

Published on: January 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Photobiology
Plant Physiology

Background:

Plant development and physiology are significantly influenced by light intensity and its fluctuations.
Current understanding of light-regulated plant processes is limited due to complex responses and restricted experimental setups.
Specific light patterns are crucial for investigating plant photomorphogenesis and physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a simple, cost-effective method for creating dynamic light setups.
To enable the control of dimmable power supplies for precise light manipulation.
To facilitate research into plant responses to dynamic light conditions.

Main Methods:

Development of two distinct electronic circuits.
Implementation of a method to control dimmable power supplies.
Creation of dynamic light patterns with rapid intensity fluctuations.

Main Results:

Successful implementation of cost-effective electronic circuits for light control.
Demonstration of a method to generate intricate light patterns.
Enabling rapid light intensity fluctuations for experimental purposes.

Conclusions:

The developed method provides a means to investigate plant responses to dynamic light.
Facilitates deeper understanding of how plants develop under variable light conditions.
Offers a valuable tool for photobiology research.