Endophytic Streptomyces sp. MSARE05 isolated from roots of Peanut plant produces a novel antimicrobial compound

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Natural Product Chemistry
• Drug Discovery

Background:

• Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat.
• Endophytic microorganisms, like Streptomyces, are a promising source of novel antimicrobial compounds.
• The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) harbors diverse endophytic bacteria with potential for producing bioactive metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize an endophytic Streptomyces strain from peanut roots.
• To identify and analyze the antimicrobial compound produced by the strain.
• To evaluate the efficacy of the compound against pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains.

Main Methods:

• Isolation of endophytic Streptomyces sp. MSARE05 from surface-sterilized peanut roots.
• Fermentation in ISP-2 medium to produce the antimicrobial compound SM05.
• Extraction, purification, and chemical analysis of SM05.
• Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and assessment of mechanism of action (cell membrane disruption).

Main Results:

• A novel antibiotic, SM05, with a molecular weight of 485.54 Daltons was isolated.
• SM05 exhibited potent activity against tested pathogens (MIC: 0.4-0.8 µg/mL) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and Mycobacterium (MIC: 0.8-3.2 µg/mL).
• SM05 disrupts bacterial cell membranes and shows synergistic effects with common antibiotics.

Conclusions:

• The novel antibiotic SM05, derived from endophytic Streptomyces, is effective against drug-resistant pathogens and non-cytotoxic.
• Endophytic Streptomyces represent a valuable resource for discovering new antibiotics to address the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.