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Related Concept Videos

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Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Clinical Trials Studying Suicide Risk Reduction: Who is Excluded From Participation.

Ryan E Lawrence, Chaya Jaffe, Yinjun Zhao

    Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research
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    Summary

    Clinical trials for suicide risk reduction exclude most high-risk patients due to common criteria like psychosis and substance use. This limits generalizability, highlighting the need for more inclusive research in emergency psychiatry settings.

    Keywords:
    Clinical trialseligibilityemergency psychiatryexclusion criteriageneralizabilitysuicide

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Psychology
    • Psychiatric Research
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Exclusion criteria in clinical trials can limit the generalizability of findings to real-world patient populations.
    • This is particularly concerning in studies addressing suicide risk reduction, where broad applicability is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and quantify common exclusion criteria in clinical trials for suicide risk reduction.
    • To estimate the impact of these criteria on patient eligibility in an emergency department setting for high-risk adults.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature search of PubMed for recent clinical trials on suicide risk reduction.
    • Qualitative Content Analysis to identify common exclusion criteria.
    • Retrospective chart review of adult patients in an emergency department psychiatric evaluation sample.

    Main Results:

    • 27 trials were analyzed; common exclusion criteria included psychosis (77.8%), cognitive problems (66.7%), and substance use (63.0%).
    • In a clinical sample (N=232), psychosis and substance use criteria would exclude 53.0% and 67.2% of patients, respectively.
    • Only 5.6% of emergency psychiatry patients met eligibility for trials using these common exclusion criteria.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical trials for suicide risk reduction exhibit low generalizability to high-risk emergency psychiatry patients.
    • There is a critical need for trials that include individuals with psychosis and substance use to improve relevance to this population.