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Thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, a vicious circle.

Zhaoqing Li1, Jia Liu1

  • 1Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|February 29, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) through various mechanisms. AD also impacts thyroid function, creating a vicious cycle that affects cognitive health.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasecognitionhyperthyroidismhypothyroidismthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Research on thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is ongoing.
  • Previous studies focused on thyroid dysfunction's risk for AD or hypothyroidism's mechanisms in AD.
  • A comprehensive analysis of mechanisms linking both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism to AD is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a thorough explanation of the mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction to AD.
  • To highlight the bidirectional relationship and vicious cycle between thyroid dysfunction and AD.
  • To explore the thyroid as a potential therapeutic target for cognitive recovery in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of interaction.
  • Discussion of therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction affects AD by causing neuron death, impairing synaptic plasticity and memory, promoting misfolded protein deposition, increasing oxidative stress, and causing neurochemical disturbances.
  • Alzheimer's disease can exacerbate thyroid dysfunction by disrupting thyroid hormone (TH) production, transport, and activation.
  • A vicious cycle exists between thyroid dysfunction and AD progression.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is intricately linked to Alzheimer's disease through multiple biological pathways.
  • Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the thyroid may offer a novel approach for managing cognitive decline in AD.