Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Net Torque Calculations01:19

Net Torque Calculations

9.1K
When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
9.1K
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

81
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
81
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

109
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
109
Work and Energy for Variable Forces01:10

Work and Energy for Variable Forces

3.6K
When an object is acted upon by a variable force, the amount of work done and the change in energy of the object can be more complex to calculate compared to when a constant force is applied. Work is the product of force and displacement, while energy is the capacity of a system to do work. When a constant force is applied to an object, the work done can be calculated as the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. However, when a variable force is applied, the...
3.6K
The Swing Equation01:21

The Swing Equation

399
The Swing Equation is a fundamental tool in power system dynamics, especially for analyzing the behavior of generating units like three-phase synchronous generators. This equation emerges from applying Newton's second law to the rotor of a generator, encompassing factors such as inertia, angular acceleration, and the interplay between mechanical and electrical torques.
In a steady-state operation, the mechanical torque (Τm) supplied to the generator is balanced by the electrical torque...
399
Simplified Synchronous Machine Model01:30

Simplified Synchronous Machine Model

224
The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
In this model, each generator is connected to a...
224

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modulating Macrophage Polarization via Core-Shell Nanofiber Membranes with Sequential Drug Delivery for Periodontal Regeneration.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

Community built environment optimization and avoidable PM<sub>2.5</sub>-attributable mortality in China: A nationwide health impact assessment with spatial heterogeneity and future projections.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Acute changes in ankle dorsiflexor strength and fNIRS-Derived cortical activation following a single session of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy older adults.

Frontiers in aging·2026
Same author

How Does Fertility Stress Influence Depressive Symptoms in Female Partners of Infertile Couples in China? A Parallel Mediation Analysis of Infertility Stigma and Family Function.

Depression and anxiety·2026
Same author

A Phase I Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Yinfenidone: A Novel, Potent Drug for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Clinical therapeutics·2026
Same author

LlR3MYB-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis confers cold stress tolerance in <i>Lilium lancifolium</i> through the LlDREB-LlCHS2 regulatory cascade.

Horticulture research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K

An Adaptive Hammerstein Model for FES-Induced Torque Prediction Based on Variable Forgetting Factor Recursive Least

Qinlian Yang, Yingqi Li, You Li

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |February 29, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an adaptive Hammerstein model to predict ankle joint torque during functional electrical stimulation (FES). The new model effectively handles muscle changes and fatigue, improving prediction accuracy and stability.

    More Related Videos

    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
    11:06

    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

    Published on: April 12, 2016

    10.5K
    A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions
    07:34

    A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

    Published on: March 25, 2014

    9.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.6K
    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
    11:06

    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

    Published on: April 12, 2016

    10.5K
    A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions
    07:34

    A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

    Published on: March 25, 2014

    9.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Control Systems
    • Rehabilitation Robotics

    Background:

    • Accurate modeling of muscle response to functional electrical stimulation (FES) is crucial for developing effective FES control systems.
    • Traditional fixed-parameter Hammerstein models struggle to account for the inherent time-varying nature of muscles and the effects of fatigue.
    • Existing adaptive models often use fixed forgetting factors, which may not optimally adapt to rapid physiological changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate an adaptive Hammerstein model for predicting ankle joint torque induced by FES.
    • To enhance the model's ability to cope with dynamic changes in muscle properties and fatigue.
    • To compare the performance of the proposed adaptive model against fixed-parameter and traditional adaptive models.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an adaptive Hammerstein model utilizing the variable forgetting factor recursive least squares (VFFRLS) algorithm for parameter updates.
    • Conducted isometric ankle dorsiflexion torque experiments using FES on healthy individuals (short and long durations) and stroke patients.
    • Evaluated model performance using goodness of fit, root mean square error, peak error, and success rate metrics.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed adaptive Hammerstein model demonstrated significantly improved accuracy and stability in predicting FES-induced ankle torque.
    • The VFFRLS-based adaptive model outperformed both the fixed-parameter Hammerstein model and the adaptive model using a fixed forgetting factor (FFFRLS).
    • The adaptive approach effectively compensated for muscle property variations and fatigue during FES.

    Conclusions:

    • The adaptive Hammerstein model with VFFRLS offers a superior approach for modeling muscle responses to FES compared to conventional methods.
    • This enhanced modeling capability is vital for advancing the design of robust and responsive FES control systems.
    • The model's adaptability holds significant promise for personalized rehabilitation and assistive technologies.