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Development of an intervention for reducing infant bathing frequency.

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Developing a support package for parents, this study explores minimal bathing routines to prevent infant eczema. Findings will inform a future randomized controlled trial on infant skin health.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Infant eczema prevention may be achieved by less frequent and intensive bathing in the first six months.
  • A randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm this, requiring evidence-based parental support for minimal bathing routines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and refine a support package for parents to facilitate adherence to a minimal bathing intervention for infants.
  • To inform the design of a future randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of minimal bathing for eczema prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A four-stage design process was employed, including interviews with pregnant women and families (n=31).
  • Barriers and facilitators were mapped to behavior change techniques, focusing on education, persuasion, and environmental restructuring.
  • Intervention materials were iteratively refined through expert workshops and family walkthroughs, guided by the Behavior Change Wheel and Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Main Results:

  • Social influences and motivational factors significantly impact intervention uptake and adherence.
  • Facilitators included emotional reward, bathing alternatives, enjoyable routines, and family support; barriers involved hygiene concerns and social appraisal.
  • Thirty-six behavior change techniques were integrated into the support package, which received positive feedback. The final package includes print/digital prompts, a booklet, video, and self-monitoring tool.

Conclusions:

  • The intervention design effectively incorporated real-world perspectives from families, experts, and patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) representatives.
  • The developed support package aligns with criteria for designing behavioral interventions.
  • The effectiveness of this support package will be evaluated in a forthcoming feasibility trial with an embedded process evaluation.