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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Updated: Jul 2, 2025

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Correction: Palmitoylated APP Forms Dimers, Cleaved by BACE1.

Raja Bhattacharyya, Rebecca H Fenn, Cory Barren

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    This study corrects a previous article's DOI. It ensures accurate citation and access to the research findings for better scientific reproducibility.

    Area of Science:

    • Scientific publishing
    • Bibliometrics
    • Scholarly communication

    Context:

    • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for locating research.

    Purpose:

    • To provide the correct DOI for a previously published article.
    • To ensure proper referencing and accessibility of scientific literature.

    Summary:

    • This entry serves as a correction notice.
    • It rectifies the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for an article.

    Impact:

    • Ensures accurate tracking of scientific publications.
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