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This study surveyed insect galls in a Brazilian botanical garden, identifying 13 morphotypes on nine plant species. It highlights Myrtaceae and Moraceae families for gall diversity and reports new galls on Ficus crocata.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Entomology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Insect galls are plant structures induced by insects, playing a role in plant-insect interactions.
  • Previous inventories in the Atlantic Forest noted Myrtaceae and Eugenia for gall diversity, but not Moraceae and Ficus.
  • The Botanical Garden of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro is a key site for biodiversity research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inventory and characterize insect galls and their host plants within the Botanical Garden of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
  • To identify gall morphotypes, host plant species, and families, comparing findings with previous studies.
  • To report new host plant records and novel gall morphotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly surveys conducted from October 2017 to December 2019 using the random walking methodology.
  • Examination of vegetative and reproductive organs of herbs, bushes, and trees up to 2 meters high.
  • Collection and deposition of voucher material in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional (MNRJ).

Main Results:

  • 13 insect gall morphotypes were found across nine host plant species from four families.
  • Myrtaceae and Moraceae showed the highest richness of gall morphotypes; Eugenia and Ficus were the most frequent genera.
  • Insect galls were newly reported on Ficus crocata, and two new morphotypes were identified on Eugenia florida. Cecidomyiidae and Thysanoptera were identified as inducers, with inquilines noted in leaf galls.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the known diversity of insect galls in Brazil, particularly within the studied botanical garden.
  • It confirms the importance of Myrtaceae and Moraceae as gall hosts and identifies new host-plant-insect relationships.
  • The findings contribute to understanding gall induction, development, and the role of inquilines in shaping gall morphology.