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Ion-selective electrode technology: an overview.

R F Burns, L J Russell

    Contemporary Issues in Clinical Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
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    Diluting clinical samples for ion analysis masks important protein and lipid effects, leading to less relevant results. Direct measurement of undiluted samples provides a more accurate reflection of physiological status.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biomedical Analysis

    Background:

    • Dilution is standard for flame photometry and indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) analysis.
    • Dilution can mask the influence of proteins and lipids on ion activity in clinical samples.
    • Undiluted sample analysis may offer more physiologically relevant ion activity measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of sample dilution on the accuracy of ion analysis.
    • To compare direct measurement of undiluted samples versus diluted samples.
    • To highlight the benefits of direct measurement for reflecting true physiological status.

    Main Methods:

    • Direct measurement of undiluted clinical samples using ISE analysers.
    • Analysis considering the effect of haematocrit on the ISE analyser reference junction.

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  • Use of calibrants with ionic strength similar to physiological samples.
  • Minimizing liquid junction potentials through reference electrode design.

    • Main Results:

    • Dilution of clinical samples reduces the relevance of analytical results by masking protein and lipid effects.
    • Direct measurement detects only unbound ions, which better reflect physiological status.
    • Accurate direct whole blood analysis requires an ISE analyser reference junction unaffected by haematocrit.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct measurement of undiluted samples provides more relevant analytical results than diluted samples.
    • Understanding ion binding and matrix effects is crucial for accurate clinical analysis.
    • Optimized ISE analyser design and calibrant selection are key for reliable direct measurement.