Granular Cell Tumor of the Breast: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon neoplasms originating from perineural Schwann cells.
• GCTs can occur anywhere but are rare in the breast, often presenting as irregular, noncalcified masses.
• Imaging findings on mammography and ultrasound can mimic malignancy, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the characteristics of breast granular cell tumors.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and immunohistochemical features of GCTs.
• To emphasize the clinical behavior and management of GCTs.

Main Methods:

• Review of imaging findings (mammography, ultrasound).
• Histopathological analysis of core biopsies.
• Immunohistochemical staining for S-100, CD68, cytokeratin, estrogen, and progesterone receptors.

Main Results:

• GCTs present as irregular masses with high mammographic density and posterior shadowing on ultrasound.
• Histopathology reveals polygonal to spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic granules.
• Immunohistochemistry is positive for S-100 and CD68, and negative for cytokeratin, estrogen, and progesterone.

Conclusions:

• Breast granular cell tumors, though rare, can exhibit local aggressiveness.
• Core biopsy and immunohistochemistry are crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Wide local excision is curative for the vast majority of benign GCTs.