Anticancer therapy-induced adverse drug reactions in children and preventive and control measures

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Toxicology

Background:

• Antitumor drug development has advanced pediatric oncology, but children face unique challenges.
• Immature liver and kidney function in children increases susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
• Smaller body size and larger body surface area in pediatric patients can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review systemic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pediatric cancer patients treated with antitumor drugs.
• To summarize current strategies for managing chemotherapy-related ADRs in children and adolescents.
• To provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers managing pediatric cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of systemic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with antitumor drugs in pediatric oncology.
• Categorization of ADRs including neurotoxicity, hematological, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary system toxicities.
• Identification and summary of management strategies for identified ADRs.

Main Results:

• Chemotherapy-related ADRs significantly impact cancer remission in pediatric patients.
• Common ADRs include neurotoxicity, hematological toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and effects on respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems.
• Skin reactions, allergic responses, and other systemic toxicities were also documented.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the spectrum of ADRs is crucial for optimizing pediatric cancer treatment.
• Effective management strategies for ADRs are essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
• This review provides a foundation for further research and clinical practice in pediatric oncology.