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Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Padma M Rajagopal1, Satyam Sil2, Prameela Dinesh3

  • 1Deputy Director, State Surveillance Unit DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
|March 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A study in Karnataka found high SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence (75.38%) in children aged 6-14, indicating widespread prior infection. Active COVID-19 infections were low, with Omicron variants detected.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • India faced three COVID-19 waves, with the Omicron variant driving the third.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence in children was crucial before the vaccine rollout.
  • Assessing COVID-19 infection burden in pediatric populations is vital for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in children aged 6 to 14 years in Karnataka.
  • To estimate the burden of COVID-19 infection within the pediatric population.
  • To identify circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of 5,358 children (aged 6-14) across 232 health facilities in Karnataka.
  • Sample size determined by Population Proportional to Size (PPS) and cluster sampling.
  • SARS-CoV-2 IgG tested via ELISA; RNA tested via RT-PCR; Whole Genomic Sequencing (WGS) performed on positive samples with CT < 25.

Main Results:

  • Adjusted IgG seroprevalence was 75.38% statewide.
  • Only 0.04% of children tested RT-PCR positive for COVID-19.
  • A case-to-infection ratio of 1:37 was calculated; Omicron subvariants BA.5 and BA.2.10 were identified.

Conclusions:

  • High IgG seroprevalence suggests significant prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Karnataka's children.
  • Low rates of active infection were observed despite high seroprevalence.
  • Whole genomic sequencing confirmed the presence of Omicron subvariants, including BA.5 and BA.2.10.
Abstract

Keywords:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGCOVID-19 antibody testingKarnatakapediatric serosurvey

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