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Education and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.
Wei Liu1, Quan Lin1, Zongjing Fan1
1Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|March 1, 2024
Summary
Higher education significantly reduces the risk of major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart disease and stroke. This Mendelian randomization study provides strong evidence for the protective effect of educational attainment on cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Observational studies suggest a link between education and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- Causal relationship between education and CVDs remains uncertain.
- Need for robust evidence to confirm education's protective role against CVDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causal effect of higher educational attainment on the risk of developing various cardiovascular diseases.
- To leverage Mendelian randomization to explore the genetic predisposition for education and its impact on CVD incidence.
Main Methods:
- Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design.
- Utilized data from the IEU Open GWAS database for education and ten CVDs.
- Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW), ME-Egger, and weighted median methods with sensitivity analyses.
Main Results:
- A genetic predisposition for 3.6 additional years of education significantly reduced risks for multiple CVDs.
- Key reductions observed in type 2 diabetes (46.5%), coronary heart disease (37.5%), and ischemic stroke (35.4%).
- No significant causal link found between education and pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions:
- Higher educational attainment causally reduces the risk of numerous cardiovascular diseases.
- Findings support education as a crucial factor in cardiovascular disease prevention.
- The effect of education on pulmonary embolism requires further investigation.
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