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Low-noise co-arm differential sensor for an optical frequency comb sampling an E-field test system.

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    A novel dual-path optical electric field sensor overcomes limitations of optical frequency comb technology. This sensor significantly reduces noise and eliminates blind frequency regions for improved electric field measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Electromagnetics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Optical frequency comb (OFC) technology enables rapid, wide-bandwidth electric field (E-field) measurements.
    • Existing OFC methods face challenges with high intensity noise, leading to low sensitivity and blind frequency regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a dual-path optical E-field sensor with a common reference arm.
    • To enhance measurement sensitivity and eliminate blind frequency regions in E-field sensing.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a lithium niobate optical waveguide for sensor construction.
    • Incorporated a common reference arm to improve optical path balance and integration.
    • Designed a segmented electrode to ensure reverse electrical signal generation on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs).
    • Employed a differential photodetector (PD) to remove intensity noise.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved maximum intensity noise reduction of approximately 37 dB and an average reduction of 22.3 dB.
    • Successfully eliminated the blind frequency region in measurements using the co-arm differential optical E-field (CDOE) sensor.
    • Demonstrated a sensitivity better than 10 mV/m·√Hz across a 1 MHz–12 GHz bandwidth.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed dual-path optical E-field sensor effectively mitigates intensity noise and blind frequency regions.
    • This CDOE sensor offers improved sensitivity and a wider operational bandwidth for E-field measurements.
    • The integrated design and noise reduction capabilities make it suitable for advanced electromagnetic field sensing applications.