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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Overview
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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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Published on: June 6, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 targets ribosomal RNA biogenesis.

V Talya Yerlici¹, Audrey Astori², Nevraj S Kejiou³

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.

|March 1, 2024

Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) disrupts ribosome production and function. This viral protein limits host protein synthesis by targeting both ribosome biogenesis and mature ribosomes.

Keywords:

CP: Microbiology Molecular biology RNA processing SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1)nucleolus ribosomal RNA (rRNA)ribosome biogenesis translation

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Published on: November 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Virology
Cell Biology

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection impairs host gene expression, aiding viral replication.
The SARS-CoV-2 virulence factor, non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), is known to inhibit host translation by binding to mature ribosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 affects host protein synthesis.
To determine if Nsp1 impacts ribosome biogenesis in addition to mature ribosome function.

Main Methods:

Analysis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 in host cells to observe its effects.
Localization studies of Nsp1 within the cell nucleus and nucleolus.
Investigation of Nsp1 interactions with precursor rRNA.

Main Results:

SARS-CoV-2 infection and Nsp1 expression disrupt the processing of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs).
Nsp1 localizes to the nucleolus and directly interferes with precursor-rRNA maturation.
Nsp1 hinders rRNA production independently of its effect on mature ribosomes.

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 employs a dual strategy to limit host protein synthesis: inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and targeting mature ribosomes.
Understanding Nsp1's comprehensive impact on translation, from ribosome production to function, is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.