Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Self-assembly: From blueprints to breakthroughs.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Life-like behavior emerging in active and flexible microstructures.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Pivoting colloidal assemblies exhibit mechanical metamaterial behaviour.

Nature·2026

Same author

Self-assembly pathways towards floppy colloidal square lattices.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Repulsions and attractions between membrane-deforming spheres, Janus-particles, and opposite tube-like deformations in giant unilamellar vesicles.

Soft matter·2025

Same author

Fabrication and Characterization of Bimetallic Silica-Based and 3D-Printed Active Colloidal Cubes.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Measurement of Liver Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy Coupled with Polarization Microscopy

Measurement of Liver Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy Coupled with Polarization Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2022

Soft and Stiff Normal Modes in Floppy Colloidal Square Lattices.

Julio Melio¹, Silke E Henkes², Daniela J Kraft¹

¹Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters

|March 1, 2024

Summary

Researchers created a novel experimental system for floppy microscale spring networks using DNA-functionalized lipid bilayers. This system exhibits unique soft modes and shear stiffness dependent on lattice size, paving the way for reconfigurable colloidal materials.

More Related Videos

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Measurement of Liver Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy Coupled with Polarization Microscopy

Measurement of Liver Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy Coupled with Polarization Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2022

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Soft Matter Physics
Colloidal Science
Biophysics

Background:

Floppy spring networks are crucial in theoretical and simulation studies.
A well-controlled experimental system for these networks has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a controllable experimental model for microscale floppy spring networks.
To characterize the emergent properties and normal modes of these networks.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of square lattices using colloid-supported lipid bilayers with DNA linkers.
Extraction of normal modes via particle displacement correlation matrix inversion.
Comparison with Brownian particle simulations and theoretical modeling.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a functional microscale floppy spring network using lipid bilayers and DNA linkers.
Identified a spectrum of soft and stiff modes, with soft modes exhibiting low effective stiffness.
Observed that shear stiffness decreases with increasing lattice size.

Conclusions:

The experimental system accurately mimics theoretical floppy spring networks.
Entropic steric effects are critical in determining network behavior.
The findings enable the development of reconfigurable materials at the colloidal scale.