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Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: Part I--Basic principle.

D Kirstein, L Kirstein, F Scheller

    Biosensors
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new amperometric method determines urea concentration using urease and hydrazine. This sensor offers a linear response, fast detection, and good stability for enzyme substrate analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Electrochemistry
    • Enzyme kinetics
    • Biosensor development

    Background:

    • Amperometric methods offer sensitive detection of enzyme substrates.
    • Urea determination is crucial in various biological and environmental applications.
    • Existing potentiometric sensors for urea exhibit logarithmic responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel amperometric method for determining hydrolytic enzyme substrates.
    • To construct an amperometric membrane electrode for urea detection.
    • To characterize the sensor's performance and optimize detection parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Combining electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine with urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis.
    • Utilizing the pH dependence of hydrazine oxidation in the Tafel region.

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  • Fabricating a membrane electrode for amperometric urea sensing.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a linear current response of hydrazine oxidation with hydrogen ion concentration.
    • Demonstrated a linear relationship between urea concentration (0.8–35 mmol/L) and sensor signal.
    • Reported a response time of approximately 20 s, relative standard deviation of 1%, and electrode stability of 2 weeks.
    • Determined optimal conditions including pH, enzyme, and substrate concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed amperometric sensor provides a sensitive and rapid method for urea determination.
    • The sensor's linear response and stability offer advantages over traditional potentiometric methods.
    • This approach is applicable for the amperometric determination of various enzyme substrates.