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Embryonic development and transcriptomic analysis in red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans under salinity

Jing Lin1, Yuchen Kong1, Haitao Shi1

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP
|March 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated salinity in freshwater harms turtle embryos, causing malformations and death. This study reveals salinity disrupts embryonic development by promoting apoptosis and altering gene expression in red-eared sliders.

Keywords:
ApoptosisComparative transcriptomeEmbryonic developmentFreshwater turtlesMorphologySalinity stress

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Freshwater salinity poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms.
  • The impact of salinity on freshwater turtle embryonic development is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of elevated salinity on the embryonic morphology and underlying molecular mechanisms of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans).
  • To determine how different salinity levels impact turtle embryonic development and organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation of red-eared slider embryos in controlled environments with salinities of 2.5 ppt and 5 ppt.
  • Morphological examination of embryos for malformations.
  • Transcriptome analysis using KEGG enrichment to identify affected pathways.
  • Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression for key apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes (p38, bax, bcl-2).

Main Results:

  • Exposure to salinity resulted in various embryonic malformations, including brain hypoplasia, eye defects, skeletal dysplasia, and deformities of the carapace, plastron, and limbs.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in developmental, metabolism, disease, and cellular process pathways.
  • Salinity exposure led to increased mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (p38, bax) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene (bcl-2) during early and middle embryonic stages.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated salinity significantly inhibits embryonic development and impairs organogenesis in freshwater turtles.
  • The observed developmental damage is mediated through the promotion of apoptotic pathways and alterations in gene expression.
  • These findings highlight the detrimental effects of increased salinity on vulnerable freshwater turtle populations.