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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model
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Stem cell-derived embryo models: moral advance or moral obfuscation?

Christopher Gyngell1,2,3, Fiona Lynch2,3, Tsutomu Sawai4,5,6

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia christopher.gyngell@mcri.edu.au.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|March 1, 2024
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Summary

Stem cell-derived embryo models (SCEMs) offer a novel way to study early human development. This research explores the ethical justification for treating SCEMs differently from human embryos, focusing on moral status.

Keywords:
Embryo ResearchEmbryos and FetusesEthics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Bioethics
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Human embryonic development from a zygote is poorly understood.
  • Research on human embryos is restricted, limiting developmental studies.
  • Stem cell-derived embryo models (SCEMs) offer a potential alternative for studying early development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the ethical justification for differentiating SCEMs from human embryos.
  • To analyze the moral status considerations in regulating SCEMs.
  • To address the controversy surrounding the regulatory exemption of SCEMs.

Main Methods:

  • Ethical analysis of moral status.
  • Review of current regulations concerning human embryo research.
  • Philosophical examination of distinctions between SCEMs and embryos.

Main Results:

  • The ethical basis for distinguishing SCEMs from embryos requires clearer explanation.
  • SCEMs are proposed as models lacking the moral sensitivities of embryos.
  • Current ethical frameworks may not adequately address the unique status of SCEMs.

Conclusions:

  • Further ethical deliberation is needed to establish clear guidelines for SCEM research.
  • The distinction between SCEMs and embryos impacts regulatory approaches and moral considerations.
  • Understanding the moral status of SCEMs is crucial for responsible scientific advancement.