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Assessing ammonium pollution and mitigation measures through a modified watershed non-point source model.

Feng Han1, Qing Tian2, Nengwang Chen2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Water Research
|March 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for simulating ammonium (NH4+) pollution, revealing that point sources significantly impact watershed loads despite lower input. Proposed mitigation strategies can substantially reduce NH4+ pollution.

Keywords:
Ammonium nitrogenJiulong River WatershedMitigation measuresNon-point source pollutionSWAT modelSource-contribution analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Ecosystem Modeling

Background:

  • Ammonium (NH4+) pollution poses challenges for watershed management due to its environmental instability.
  • Accurate simulation of non-point source (NPS) NH4+ is crucial for effective water quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modify the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for simulating NPS NH4+ processes, including land-to-water delivery.
  • To assess NH4+ pollution dynamics in the Jiulong River Watershed (JRW), a coastal area with significant anthropogenic inputs.

Main Methods:

  • Modified the SWAT model to incorporate NH4+ land-to-water delivery simulation.
  • Applied the enhanced model to the Jiulong River Watershed (JRW) in Southeast China.
  • Analyzed the contributions of point and non-point sources to watershed NH4+ loads.

Main Results:

  • The modified SWAT model effectively simulated NPS NH4+ processes.
  • Point sources, though minor in proportion, were major contributors to watershed NH4+ loads (32.4-51.9%).
  • Surface runoff and lateral flow were primary pathways for NH4+ entry into water bodies.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the significant impact of point sources on watershed NH4+ loads.
  • Recommended mitigation measures (sewage treatment, manure management, reduced fertilizer) could decrease NH4+ loads by 25-33%.
  • Model calibration with multiple observations is advised for enhanced reliability in NH4+ simulations.