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Efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells processed with non-halogen solvent.

Wei Gao¹, Ruijie Ma², Top Archie Dela Peña^3,4

¹Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.

Nature Communications

|March 2, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed a new small molecule donor for organic solar cells, achieving high power conversion efficiencies using non-halogen solvents. This breakthrough enhances the commercial viability of these eco-friendly solar technologies.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

All-small-molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) offer commercialization potential due to reproducibility and non-halogen solvent processing.
Improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in non-halogen processed SMOSCs remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize a small molecule donor (BM-ClEH) that enhances molecular pre-aggregation and film morphology in non-halogen solvents.
To investigate the impact of intramolecular chlorine-sulfur non-covalent interactions on SMOSC performance.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of small molecule donor BM-ClEH utilizing intramolecular chlorine-sulfur non-covalent interactions.
Fabrication of binary and ternary SMOSCs using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a non-halogen solvent.
Performance characterization of solar cells including power conversion efficiency (PCE) measurements.

Main Results:

Tetrahydrofuran-processed SMOSCs based on BM-ClEH:BO-4Cl achieved high PCEs of 15.0% (binary) and 16.1% (ternary) after thermal annealing.
The chlorine-sulfur interaction in BM-ClEH promoted beneficial pre-aggregation and improved film micromorphology.
A control molecule (BM-HEH) lacking this interaction showed poor performance due to disordered molecular packing and inefficient exciton dissociation.

Conclusions:

The designed small molecule donor BM-ClEH enables efficient non-halogen solvent processing for SMOSCs.
Intramolecular non-covalent interactions are crucial for optimizing molecular aggregation and device performance.
This study advances the development of eco-friendly SMOSCs and provides insights for future material design.