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Substance use disorder and lifetime suicidal behaviour: A scoping review
Leire Leza1, Begoña Haro1, José J López-Goñi2
1Departament of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
Suicidal behaviors are common in substance use disorder (SUD) patients, with high rates of suicidal ideation and attempts during treatment. Standardized assessment is needed for tailored SUD treatment.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Addiction Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Suicidal behaviors are frequent in patients with substance use disorder (SUD).
- These behaviors negatively affect the psychopathological profile of SUD patients.
- Limited research exists on suicide as a continuum and its evolution during SUD treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review exploring existing knowledge on suicidal behavior in individuals undergoing clinical treatment for SUD.
Main Methods:
- Searched PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.
- Included 30 studies after screening based on eligibility and exclusion criteria.
Main Results:
- Most studies originated from the USA and Europe.
- Prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) ranged from 20% to 62.2% in SUD patients.
- Prevalence of suicide attempts (SA) ranged from 15.8% to 52.1%; only one study reported death by suicide.
Conclusions:
- Suicidal behaviors are highly prevalent and consequential in SUD, yet assessment is scarce and inconsistent.
- There is a critical need for standardized assessment of suicidal behavior.
- Standardized criteria will enable the development of tailored SUD treatments.
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