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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E sIgE

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Imported allergens in Italy: an emerging issue.

Luca Pecoraro¹, Mattia Giovannini^2,3, Francesca Mori²

¹Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126, Verona, Italy.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics

|March 3, 2024

Summary

Imported allergens, including plants like Ambrosia artemisiifolia and foods, are increasingly linked to allergic conditions such as asthma and food allergies. Pediatric allergists face challenges in diagnosing and managing these allergies caused by global trade and climate change.

Keywords:

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Asian Wasp Velutina Cannabis sativa Ethnic food Imported allergens

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Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Environmental Health
Public Health

Background:

Imported allergens contribute to various allergic reactions, including asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, venom allergies, and food allergies.
Non-native species introduced via commercial practices and air currents can trigger respiratory allergies.
Factors like climate change and global trade facilitate the spread of allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the growing issue of imported allergens and their impact on allergic diseases.
To underscore the challenges faced by pediatric allergists in diagnosing and managing allergies to non-native allergens.
To provide an overview of various imported allergens and their sources.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and case examples concerning imported allergens.
Identification of common imported allergens, including plants (e.g., Ambrosia artemisiifolia), cannabis, and food products.
Discussion of the role of commercial traffic, climate change, and human activities in allergen introduction.

Main Results:

Imported allergens are implicated in a wide range of allergic conditions.
Specific examples include Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen, Cannabis sativa, ethnic foods, insect flours, and the invasive wasp Vespa velutina.
Observed variations in pollen concentration and the introduction of new insect species highlight the dynamic nature of allergen exposure.

Conclusions:

Human activities, including trade and climate change, are significant drivers of imported allergen introduction.
The increasing prevalence of imported allergens poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for pediatric allergists.
Effective management requires understanding the sources and pathways of these non-native allergens.