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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Political Science
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Governmental interference in digital communication is increasing, with a focus on application-level controls.
  • Control over network infrastructure, particularly Internet service providers, is crucial for state oversight of digital data flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how Internet network topology differs across political environments.
  • To investigate the distinction between access control (individual users) and transit control (network carriers).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel method to estimate Internet structure using network measurements.
  • Examined network topology variations in different political regimes.

Main Results:

  • State-owned Internet providers in autocratic countries exhibit greater control over transit networks compared to private providers.
  • State-owned providers in autocracies frequently extend Internet access to other autocratic nations.

Conclusions:

  • In autocratic states, Internet infrastructure is structured to facilitate state monitoring and manipulation of digital data.
  • This infrastructure organization enables both domestic and international control over Internet data flows by state-owned entities.