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Small intestinal volvulus in 47 cows.

Ueli Braun1, Christian Gerspach1, Claudia Volz1

  • 1Department of Farm Animals (Braun, Gerspach, Volz, Nuss) and Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Hilbe), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small intestinal volvulus (SIV) in cows presents with colic, reduced gut motility, and dilated intestines. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for survival, as many cases result in euthanasia.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Large Animal Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Small intestinal volvulus (SIV) is a critical surgical emergency in cattle.
  • Understanding the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcomes is vital for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes of small intestinal volvulus (SIV) in a cohort of 47 cows.
  • To compare the characteristics of surviving versus non-surviving animals to identify prognostic indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 47 cows diagnosed with SIV.
  • Comparison of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings between surviving (n=18) and non-surviving (n=29) cows.
  • Surgical intervention (right flank laparotomy) was performed in 41 cases.

Main Results:

  • Common signs included colic (66.0%), tachycardia (68.0%), tachypnea (59.6%), absent rumen motility (93.6%), and dilated small intestines (48.9% on rectal exam, 87.1% on ultrasound).
  • Key laboratory abnormalities were hypocalcemia (74.1%), hypokalemia (73.8%), and azotemia (62.8%).
  • Survival rate was 38.3%; non-survivors had poorer general condition, more severe rumen stasis and intestinal atony, and higher urea and magnesium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Small intestinal volvulus in cows is characterized by acute onset, lack of rectal feces, and dilated small intestines.
  • Prognosis is guarded, with a high mortality rate, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and intervention.
  • Factors like general condition, rumen stasis, and intestinal atony significantly influence survival outcomes.