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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

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High-Performance Bipolar Membrane Development for Improved Water Dissociation.

Yingying Chen¹, Jacob A Wrubel¹, W Ellis Klein¹

¹National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials

|March 4, 2024

Summary

High-performance bipolar membranes (BPMs) were developed using graphene oxide (GO) as a catalyst. Three-dimensional BPMs demonstrated superior electrochemical performance and stability for applications like CO2 electrolysis.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are critical for electrochemical devices in separation and energy conversion.
Developing high-performance BPMs is essential for advancing these technologies.
Graphene oxide (GO) shows potential as a water-dissociation catalyst in BPMs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop high-performance two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) BPMs.
To investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) loading on BPM performance.
To evaluate the suitability of developed BPMs for electrochemical applications, including CO2 electrolysis.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of 2D BPMs via hot-pressing and 3D BPMs via electrospinning.
Incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into the BPM junction as a catalyst.
Electrochemical characterization using voltage-current (V-I) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Optimal GO loading for 2D BPMs was 100 μg cm⁻², balancing performance and mechanical strength.
GO-catalyzed 2D BPMs matched commercial BPM performance up to 500 mA cm⁻².
3D BPMs exhibited superior performance, with lower resistance, higher water dissociation efficiency, and enhanced stability.

Conclusions:

Graphene oxide effectively catalyzes water dissociation in BPMs.
3D BPMs offer significant improvements in electrochemical performance and mechanical stability.
Developed 3D BPMs are promising for high-current-density applications like CO2 electrolysis.