Design and performances improvement of an UWB antenna with DGS structure using a grey wolf optimization algorithm

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetics and Wave Propagation
• Antenna Theory and Design
• Wireless Communication Systems

Background:

• Ultra-wideband (UWB) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems require antennas with broad bandwidth and high gain.
• Existing antenna designs often face limitations in achieving the desired performance across a wide frequency spectrum.
• Integration of resonant structures like Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) can enhance antenna characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and design a rectangular patch antenna optimized for UWB and short/long-range mmWave applications.
• To enhance the frequency bandwidth and gain of a UWB antenna through structural modifications and resonator integration.
• To validate the proposed antenna design using simulation and experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

• Design of a high-gain UWB rectangular patch antenna with a partial ground plane.
• Integration of Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) onto the antenna structure.
• Optimization of antenna dimensions using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique.
• Performance evaluation through electromagnetic simulations and experimental validation.

Main Results:

• The designed antenna achieved an extended frequency bandwidth from 2.38 GHz to 22.5 GHz, doubling the original UWB bandwidth.
• A peak gain of 6.5 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 88% were recorded.
• Excellent agreement between simulated and measured antenna performance was observed, confirming design validity.

Conclusions:

• The proposed CSRR-integrated rectangular patch antenna is a viable solution for UWB and mmWave communication systems.
• The design effectively broadens the operational bandwidth while maintaining high gain and efficiency.
• The GWO optimization technique proved effective in determining optimal parameters for the antenna structure.