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Heatwave 1987: the Piraeus versus Athens case.

Stella Geronikolou1,2,3, Stelios Zimeras4, Stephanos Tsitomeneas5

  • 1Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.

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|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Heatwave mortality varies by location, influenced by local air quality. Nitric oxide (NO) was key in Athens, while ozone dominated in Piraeus during the 1987 heatwave.

Keywords:
heatwaves; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; mortality; heatwave 1987; Athens 1988; Athens 1992; odds ratio; relative risk; mortality; neural networks; ozone; NO

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Climate Change Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Heatwaves are key indicators of climate change impacts.
  • Mortality during heatwaves varies significantly between populations.
  • Local data and historical context are crucial for accurate heatwave impact assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential mortality effects of the 1987 heatwave in Athens and Piraeus.
  • To identify the dominant ambient parameters influencing heatwave-related mortality in each city.

Main Methods:

  • Collected mortality data from Piraeus and Athens for 1987.
  • Extracted ambient environmental characteristics for both locations.
  • Calculated odds ratios and relative risk, and employed a neural network to determine dominant atmospheric factors.

Main Results:

  • The 1987 heatwave caused seven times more deaths in Athens than in Piraeus.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was the dominant factor for Athenian mortality (probability 0.999).
  • Ozone concentration was the primary factor for Piraeus mortality (probability 0.993).

Conclusions:

  • Heatwave mortality risk is influenced by lifestyle, population sensitivity, and public health policies.
  • Ozone was the main moderator in Piraeus, while NO was dominant in Athens, regardless of the year.
  • Understanding local environmental factors is essential for mitigating heatwave health impacts.