Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

L-Leucine Upregulates Lysosomal Biogenesis and Autophagy to Lower Plaques in 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: Rangasamy et al. Protection of Mice from Controlled Cortical Impact Injury by Food Additive Glyceryl Tribenzoate. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2023, <i>24</i>, 2083.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: Rangasamy et al. Sodium Benzoate, a Metabolite of Cinnamon and a Food Additive, Improves Cognitive Functions in Mice After Controlled Cortical Impact Injury. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2022, <i>23</i>, 192.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Transverse Sheet Illumination Microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Is it possible to maintain a plaque-free healthy brain by treadmill?

Neural regeneration research·2024
Same author

Correction: Raha et al. Lipid-Lowering Drug Gemfibrozil Protects Mice from Tay-Sachs Disease via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. <i>Cells</i> 2023, <i>12</i>, 2791.

Cells·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

11.4K

IL-12p40 Monomer: A Potential Player in Macrophage Regulation.

Brian Jeong1, Kalipada Pahan1,2

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Immuno
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The IL-12p40 monomer, once thought non-functional, actively regulates macrophage immune responses. This cytokine stimulates both pro-inflammatory (TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) signals, influencing immune environments.

Keywords:
IL-10IL-12p40 monomerTNFαimmunomodulationmacrophage

More Related Videos

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
10:07

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 23, 2013

66.4K
Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays
08:37

Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays

Published on: April 18, 2025

333

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

11.4K
Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
10:07

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 23, 2013

66.4K
Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays
08:37

Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays

Published on: April 18, 2025

333

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Macrophages are crucial immune cells for infection defense and tissue homeostasis.
  • The IL-12p40 monomer, a cytokine produced by macrophages, was historically considered non-functional.
  • Emerging research suggests the p40 monomer plays a significant role in modulating immune environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific effects of the IL-12p40 monomer on macrophages and their surrounding environment.
  • To elucidate the immunoregulatory functions of the p40 monomer in immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Cell culture studies using RAW 264.7 cells and primary lung macrophages.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, and immunofluorescence analyses.
  • In vivo studies involving intranasal administration of p40 monomer in mice.

Main Results:

  • Direct administration of recombinant p40 monomer stimulated both pro-inflammatory (TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production in macrophages.
  • p40 monomer administration inhibited the full pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Neutralization of p40 monomer enhanced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses, and intranasal administration upregulated TNFα+IL-10+ macrophages in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The IL-12p40 monomer possesses significant immunoregulatory functions.
  • p40 monomer plays a key role in upregulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in macrophages.
  • This cytokine actively shapes the immune environment by modulating macrophage responses.