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Personalized Medicine in Brain Gliomas: Targeted Therapy, Patient-Derived Tumor Models (Review)
K S Yashin1, D V Yuzhakova2, D A Sachkova3
1Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Assistant, Department of Traumatology and Neurosurgery named after M.V. Kolokoltsev; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Oncologist, Polyclinic Department; Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Dispensary, 11/1 Delovaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603126, Russia.
Abstract:
Gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors. The choice of treatments for these tumors was quite limited for many years, and therapy results generally remain still unsatisfactory. Recently, a significant breakthrough in the treatment of many forms of cancer occurred when personalized targeted therapies were introduced which inhibit tumor growth by affecting a specific molecular target. Another trend gaining popularity in oncology is the creation of patient-derived tumor models which can be used for drug screening to select the optimal therapy regimen. Molecular and genetic mechanisms of brain gliomas growth are considered, consisting of individual components which could potentially be exposed to targeted drugs. The results of the literature review show a higher efficacy of the personalized approach to the treatment of individual patients compared to the use of standard therapies. However, many unresolved issues remain in the area of predicting the effectiveness of a particular drug therapy regimen. The main hopes in solving this issue are set on the use of patient-derived tumor models, which can be used in one-stage testing of a wide range of antitumor drugs.
Insights
Personalized targeted therapies offer improved brain glioma treatment efficacy. Patient-derived tumor models aid in selecting optimal drug regimens for these challenging brain tumors.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Cancer Therapeutics
- Genomics
Background:
- Gliomas represent the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors.
- Traditional treatments for gliomas have historically yielded unsatisfactory outcomes.
- Recent advancements include personalized targeted therapies and patient-derived tumor models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular and genetic mechanisms driving glioma growth.
- To evaluate the efficacy of personalized approaches versus standard therapies for gliomas.
- To highlight the role of patient-derived tumor models in predicting drug effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of molecular and genetic mechanisms in glioma.
- Analysis of personalized targeted therapies for cancer treatment.
- Examination of patient-derived tumor models for drug screening.
Main Results:
- Personalized targeted therapies demonstrate higher efficacy compared to standard treatments for gliomas.
- Patient-derived tumor models show promise for testing diverse antitumor drugs.
- Predicting the effectiveness of specific drug regimens remains a challenge.
Conclusions:
- A personalized approach to glioma treatment shows superior efficacy.
- Patient-derived tumor models are crucial for advancing glioma drug discovery and selection.
- Further research is needed to fully leverage these models for clinical application.
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