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Toxicity evaluation of processing Evodiae fructus based on intestinal microbiota.

Xuejuan Liang1, Jing Liu2, Jiaxin Di2

  • 1Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Processing Evodiae fructus (EF) altered its impact on mouse health, decreasing nephrotoxicity but increasing harmful gut bacteria. Further research is needed to understand EF hepatotoxicity at clinical doses.

Keywords:
Evodiae fructushepatotoxicityintestinal microbiotanephrotoxictoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Drug efficacy and safety are critical in healthcare.
  • Processing medicinal herbs like Evodiae fructus (EF) can alter their toxicity and efficacy.
  • Understanding processing effects on EF is vital for safe clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of processing on the toxicity and gut microbiota of Evodiae fructus (EF).
  • To compare the toxicological profiles of raw and processed EF in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty male Kunming mice were divided into control and EF-treated groups (raw and processed, small and medium-flowered EF).
  • Mice received EF extracts daily for 21 days at 5x pharmacopeial dose.
  • Evaluated liver/kidney function (AST, ALT, SCr, BUN), performed histopathology, and analyzed gut microbiota via 16S rRNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • EF administration led to decreased body weight and increased kidney/liver enzyme levels.
  • Processed EF (CPMEF) showed reduced nephrotoxicity compared to raw EF (CRMEF).
  • CPMEF significantly altered gut microbiota, increasing harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus) and decreasing beneficial ones.

Conclusions:

  • Processing Evodiae fructus reduced its nephrotoxicity in mice.
  • Processed EF significantly altered the gut microbiome composition.
  • EF hepatotoxicity was not significant at the tested dose, possibly due to concentration and duration.