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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Altered white matter functional pathways in Alzheimer's disease.

Yilu Li1, Jinzhong Peng1, Zhenzhen Yang1

  • 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, 611731, Chengdu, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease disrupts white matter functional networks (WM-FNs) and their connections to gray matter (GM) and the corpus callosum. These network abnormalities correlate with disease progression, offering new insights into Alzheimer's pathophysiology.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasecorpus callosumfunctional connectivitygraph theorywhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves gray matter (GM) dysfunction and white matter (WM) damage.
  • The functional connectivity within WM and its relationship to GM networks in AD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate abnormalities in WM and GM functional networks and the corpus callosum across AD stages.
  • To explore the relationship between WM functional networks (WM-FNs) and GM functional networks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional connectivity (FC) and graph theory analysis were applied to a public dataset.
  • Analysis focused on WM-FNs, GM networks, and the corpus callosum in controls and AD patients.

Main Results:

  • AD patients showed decreased FC between deep WM-FNs and the corpus callosum splenium, and between sensorimotor/occipital WM-FNs and GM visual networks.
  • Increased FC was observed between deep WM-FNs and GM sensorimotor networks.
  • Graph theory metrics revealed widespread reductions in network integration and altered modular interactions in AD.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal integration of functional networks, particularly involving WM-FNs, is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
  • These WM functional pathway abnormalities connect to the corpus callosum and GM, correlating with AD.
  • This study offers a novel perspective on AD pathophysiology through the lens of WM functional networks.