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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions01:24

Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions

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Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
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Changing Trajectories of Alanine Aminotransferase and Risk of Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Chinese

Xinyu Chen1, Hongqiu Pan2, Zhuolu Hao1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Monitoring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) trajectories early in antituberculosis treatment can help predict the risk of drug-induced liver injury (ATLI). Specific ALT patterns within 15 days are linked to varying ATLI incidence, aiding early detection.

Keywords:
alanine aminotransferaseantituberculosis treatmentcohort studydrug‐induced liver injurygroup‐based trajectory modeling analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) is a significant complication of tuberculosis treatment.
  • Early detection and prediction of ATLI are crucial for patient management and treatment adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) trajectories within the first 15 days of antituberculosis treatment and the subsequent risk of developing ATLI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct ALT patterns in 853 patients during initial antituberculosis treatment.
  • Employed conditional logistic regression to analyze the relationship between identified ALT trajectories and ATLI risk, calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Four distinct ALT trajectories were identified within 15 days of treatment initiation.
  • A statistically significant increasing trend in ATLI risk was observed with higher ALT trajectories (Ptrend = 0.015).
  • Specific trajectories showed elevated adjusted ORs for ATLI, indicating increased risk compared to a baseline trajectory.

Conclusions:

  • ALT trajectories within the initial 15 days of antituberculosis therapy are significantly associated with varying risks of developing ATLI.
  • Monitoring these early ALT changes is a valuable strategy for predicting and potentially preventing ATLI in patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment.