Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

1.6K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.3K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.6K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.6K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

260
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
260

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CHD4 and NKX2.2 Cooperate to Regulate β-Cell Function by Repressing Non-β-Cell Gene Programs.

Diabetes·2026
Same author

Effects of Voluntary Exercise and Acetic Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Ovariectomized Mice.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Optimizing Single-Cell Long-Read Sequencing for Enhanced Isoform Detection in Pancreatic Islets.

Diabetes·2026
Same author

Independent control of neurogenesis and dorsoventral patterning by NKX2-2.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

Emerging Roles of Post-Translational Modifications in Metabolic Homeostasis and Type 2 Diabetes.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Human NKX2.2 influences islet endocrine cell fate choices through regulation of WNT pathway genes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Clinical characteristics of Sarcopenic obesity in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the sub-cohort iDIAMOND study.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
Same journal

Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus evidence from Asia countries: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of inadvertent stigmatization of individuals with diabetes by healthcare professionals.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
Same journal

Liraglutide combined with dapagliflozin treatment improves myocardial disease and endothelial dysfunction in T2DM mice.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
Same journal

Association between cardiometabolic risk factors cluster and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
Same journal

Developing a machine learning model to predict renal function decline within three years using one-year longitudinal data in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.2K

Glucose metabolism partially regulates β-cell function through epigenomic changes.

Yong Kyung Kim1, Kyu Chang Won2, Lori Sussel1

  • 1Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta cells impacts gene expression through the epigenome. Understanding this link is key to developing new diabetes treatments targeting beta cell function.

Keywords:
Epigenetic changeGlucose metabolismβ‐Cell dysfunction

More Related Videos

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets
08:50

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Published on: July 3, 2018

14.8K
High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.2K
Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets
08:50

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Published on: July 3, 2018

14.8K
High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular metabolism
  • Epigenetics
  • Diabetes research

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta cells primarily use glucose to produce ATP, essential for cell survival and insulin release.
  • Beta cells exhibit metabolic flexibility, adapting to changing glucose levels and environmental conditions.
  • Metabolic adaptations can alter cellular metabolites, influencing the epigenome and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex relationship between cellular metabolism and the epigenome in pancreatic beta cells.
  • To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying beta cell dysfunction in diabetes.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for preserving beta cell function and improving glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on beta cell metabolism and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways linking metabolic changes to epigenetic modifications.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of beta cell dysfunction in diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic shifts in beta cells can lead to epigenetic alterations affecting gene expression.
  • These metabolic-epigenetic interactions play a role in the development of beta cell dysfunction.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into diabetes pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between metabolism and epigenetics is crucial for maintaining beta cell function.
  • Targeting these pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
  • Further research is needed to fully harness these insights for clinical applications.