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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice

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Published on: November 27, 2019

Feasibility Study of a Low-Carbohydrate/Time-Restricted Eating Protocol for Insulin-Using Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Philip N Zimmermann¹, Linda M Baier Manwell², Fauzia Osman³

¹Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, DrZ@simplefasting.com.

WMJ : Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin

|March 4, 2024

Summary

A low-carbohydrate, time-restricted eating protocol is safe and feasible for insulin users with type 2 diabetes. This approach significantly reduced insulin use and improved health metrics without impacting hemoglobin A1C levels.

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Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Metabolic health
Endocrinology
Diabetes management

Background:

Low-carbohydrate diets and time-restricted eating (TRE) show promise for improving hemoglobin A1C in type 2 diabetes.
Insulin-using patients are often advised against these dietary changes due to hypoglycemia risks.
This study investigated a TRE protocol combined with proactive insulin adjustment in insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the safety and feasibility of a TRE protocol for individuals using insulin.
To evaluate the impact of the TRE protocol on key health outcomes, including insulin dosage and hemoglobin A1C.
To determine the effect on body mass index, blood pressure, and quality of life.

Main Methods:

An observational study involving insulin-using adults (ages 49-77) with type 2 diabetes.
Participants followed a 2-meal per day, 6-8 hour eating window protocol with ≤30g carbohydrates daily.
Continuous glucose monitoring and proactive insulin titration were implemented; outcomes included hypoglycemic events, compliance, insulin use, A1C, BMI, blood pressure, and quality of life.

Main Results:

Nineteen of 20 participants completed the 6-month study with no major hypoglycemic events.
Average daily insulin use decreased by 62.2 U (P < 0.001), with insulin discontinued for 14 participants.
Significant reductions were observed in BMI (P=0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.02), alongside improved quality of life metrics; hemoglobin A1C remained stable.

Conclusions:

A time-restricted eating protocol, when combined with proactive insulin titration, is a safe and feasible strategy for insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes.
This dietary approach can lead to substantial reductions in insulin requirements and improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Further research can explore long-term adherence and broader clinical applications of this combined intervention.