Severe Thrombocytopenia in Decompensated Liver Disease: An Example of Accelerated Intravascular Coagulation and...

Advanced liver disease can present with severe thrombocytopenia that can be difficult to delineate and manage. Here we describe a unique entity of accelerated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis (AICF) in a patient with decompensated liver disease.

A 56-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted for weakness, nausea, metabolic derangement, and acute kidney injury determined to be secondary to decompensated liver disease. During admission, his platelet count declined to <10 000/µL requiring 8 total platelet transfusions. Laboratory and clinical evaluation supported a diagnosis of AICF, and the patient gradually improved with supportive management.

AICF can present similarly to disseminated intravascular coagulation, and careful evaluation of specific laboratory values is required for accurate diagnosis. Appropriate management minimizes the associated increased risk of bleeding and prevents delay in procedural intervention.

This case highlights the importance of early clinical and laboratory correlation, multidisciplinary care, and supportive treatment in the management of AICF.