Immune therapies of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and adults

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-cell ALL) is a common haematologic cancer in children and adults. About 10 percent of children and 50 percent of adults fail to achieve a histological complete remission or subsequently relapse despite current anti-leukaemia drug therapies and/or haematopoietic cell transplants. Several new immune therapies including monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells are proved safe and effective in this setting. We review data on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immune therapies for B-cell ALL in children and adults including blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel, and brexucabtagene autoleucel. We also summarize pharmaco-dynamics, pharmaco-kinetics, and pharmaco-economics of these interventions.