Coherent field sensing of nitrogen dioxide

We introduce a portable dual-comb spectrometer operating in the visible spectral region for atmospheric monitoring of NO₂, a pollution gas of major importance. Dual-comb spectroscopy, combining key advantages of fast, broadband and accurate measurements, has been established in the infrared as a method for the investigation of atmospheric gases with kilometer-scale absorption path lengths. With the presented dual-comb spectrometer centered at 517 nm, we make use of the strong absorption cross section of NO₂ in this spectral region. In combination with a multi-pass approach through the atmosphere, we achieve an interaction path length of almost a kilometer while achieving both advanced spatial resolution (90 m) and a detection sensitivity of 5 ppb. The demonstrated temporal resolution of one minute outperforms the standard chemiluminescence-based NO₂ detector that is commercially available and used in this experiment, by a factor of three.