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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Published on: November 15, 2017

Providing rigor in bee colony strength auditing methods.

Daniel Cook¹, Caroline Hauxwell²

¹Creative Industries, Education, and social justice faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.

Journal of Economic Entomology

|March 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New software improves honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength audits for almond pollination. This tool enhances the rigor and repeatability of visual assessments, benefiting apiological research and beekeeper training.

Keywords:

Apis mellifera assessment audit honey bee pollination

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Area of Science:

Apiology
Entomology
Agricultural Science

Background:

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength is crucial for almond pollination services.
Current auditing methods, like Nasr et al.'s (1990) frame-top cluster count, are subjective and lack rigor.
The need for objective and repeatable methods in apiological assessments is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and introduce novel, open-source software for analyzing photographic frame-top cluster counts.
To enhance the methodological rigor and repeatability of honey bee colony strength audits.
To provide tools for apiological research, beekeeper auditing, and training.

Main Methods:

Development of open-source software for photographic assessment analysis.
Evaluation of two existing visual audit methods for honey bee colony strength.
Creation of three novel audit method variations and determination of conversion factors using linear modeling.

Main Results:

The developed software significantly enhances the rigor and repeatability of population assessments.
Regression equations were established for converting between different visual assessment methods.
The software offers potential applications across apiological research and practical beekeeping.

Conclusions:

The novel software provides an objective and repeatable approach to auditing honey bee colony strength.
This tool supports accurate assessments for pollination services and apiological research.
The software aids in standardizing auditing techniques and training future apiarists.