Exploring gender differences in the relationship between gut microbiome and depression - a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Microbiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents significant gender disparities.
• Emerging research implicates the gut microbiome in MDD pathophysiology.
• Investigating sex-specific differences in the gut microbiome is essential for understanding MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current research on sex-specific differences in the gut microbiome of individuals with MDD.
• To explore the association between gut microbial composition, diversity, and MDD symptoms in males and females.
• To evaluate the potential of microbial markers for MDD diagnosis, considering gender stratification.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted across multiple databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) up to June 2023.
• Search strategy included keywords and MeSH terms related to MDD, depression, dysbiosis, and gender.
• Five relevant studies were selected for analysis, focusing on gut microbiome alterations and sex-specific patterns.

Main Results:

• Four studies identified alterations in gut microbiome diversity (alpha and beta) in individuals with MDD compared to controls.
• Gender-specific differences in bacterial taxa abundance were observed in four studies, suggesting sex-specific roles in MDD.
• Correlation analyses revealed associations between specific bacterial taxa and depressive symptom severity, with distinct patterns in males and females.
• Three studies indicated potential utility of microbial markers for MDD diagnosis, highlighting the importance of sex stratification.

Conclusions:

• Gender-specific differences in gut microbiome composition are important in the context of MDD.
• Further robust research is needed to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying these sex-specific disparities in MDD.
• Sex stratification is crucial for a deeper understanding of MDD pathophysiology and for developing targeted interventions.