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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

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Extracellular symbiont colonizes insect during embryo development.

Miguel Ángel González Porras1, Inès Pons1, Marleny García-Lozano1

  • 1Mutualisms Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany.

ISME Communications
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that tortoise beetles acquire their extracellular bacterial symbiont, Stammera, during embryonic development, prior to hatching. This colonization occurs within a specific 12-hour window, ensuring symbiont transmission for adult digestion and reproduction.

Keywords:
Stammera capletadevelopmentsymbiont acquisitionsymbiosissymbiotic organstortoise beetles

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Insects typically acquire microbes post-hatching.
  • Extracellular symbionts are rarely transmitted during embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the colonization timing of the extracellular bacterial symbiont Stammera in tortoise beetles.
  • Determine the developmental window for symbiont acquisition during embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of symbiont colonization in tortoise beetle embryos.
  • Experimental manipulation of symbiont availability to embryos.
  • Analysis of symbiotic organ development in aposymbiotic larvae.

Main Results:

  • Stammera colonizes tortoise beetle foregut symbiotic organs during the final 24 hours of embryonic development.
  • A 12-hour developmental window governs Stammera colonization.
  • Symbiotic organs develop autonomously and are initially empty before symbiont infection.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular symbiont acquisition can occur during insect embryogenesis.
  • Symbiont colonization timing is precisely regulated and precedes larval emergence.
  • Symbiont proliferation is decoupled in adult beetles to meet host nutritional and reproductive needs.