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Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight Among the Tribal Population in India: A Narrative Review

Arpana K Bhagat1, Ashok M Mehendale2, Komal N Muneshwar2

  • 1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.

Cureus
|March 5, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) affects many neonates in India, increasing developmental risks. Addressing maternal knowledge, diet, and prenatal care is crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW), defined as less than 2500g, poses a significant global health challenge.
  • India faces a high prevalence of LBW, exceeding global incidence rates.
  • LBW infants are at an 11-13 times greater risk for developmental delays and other medical issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of LBW.
  • To examine pre-birth prevention strategies for LBW.
  • To explore post-birth health promotion interventions for LBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
  • Databases used included PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
  • Keywords included "birth weight," "abnormal birth weight," "LBWs," "neonates," "premature birth," "risks factors," "causes," "factors," "prevalence," and "frequency."

Main Results:

  • Short gestation is a primary cause of LBW in high-neonatal frequency countries.
  • Maternal factors such as knowledge, dietary needs, and access to prenatal services are key.
  • Interventions must address these factors to reduce LBW prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing LBW in India requires a multifaceted approach.
  • Improving maternal health knowledge and nutritional status is essential.
  • Enhanced prenatal and postnatal care are critical for mitigating LBW impacts.

Keywords:
causeslbwslow birth weightmortality rateneonatespremature birthprenatal risks factorsrisks factors

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